Zhygylgan Cliff — the fallen earth of Mangystau: how to get there and what to explore

This is where the edge of the Ustyurt Plateau literally collapsed into the Caspian Sea. Thousands of tons of limestone broke off and plunged into the water, leaving behind a massive scar stretching for kilometers.
44.7666° N, 50.7168° E
Ustyurt Plateau, Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan
Age:
Over 10,000 years old — formed by a massive landslide and partial collapse of the plateau
Fact:
On the limestone slabs of the cliff, you can spot the fossilized footprints of prehistoric animals

Contents

Zhygylgan is a place where nature has shaped its own edge of the world.
There’s no infrastructure here, but there’s an enormous geological scar and fossilized tracks of ancient creatures.
I’ll walk you through how to get there, when to go, where to stay, and how to prepare so your trip is both comfortable and safe. Only practical advice and proven facts.
Konstantin Ludanov, Guide at Photosafari Travel

What is Zhygylgan Cliff?

Zhygylgan Cliff is located in the Mangystau Region of Kazakhstan, approximately 150 kilometers north of the city of Aktau.
Imagine standing on the edge of a cliff. Beneath your feet — cracks in the rock; ahead — a collapse as wide as a city block.
This is Zhygylgan, a massive fragment of the Ustyurt Plateau that collapsed into the Caspian Sea thousands of years ago.
Geographic coordinates: 44.7666° N, 50.7168° E.

The collapse zone spans about 10 square kilometers, with a depth ranging from 50 to 100 meters. At the bottom, large limestone boulders and slabs are scattered chaotically, creating a dramatic landscape that resembles the aftermath of a natural catastrophe.

Why this place is unique

The defining feature of Zhygylgan Cliff is its massive geological fault, formed by a powerful landslide that broke off part of a limestone plateau.
But that’s not all — the site also contains preserved fossilized tracks of prehistoric animals estimated to be 10–15 million years old.
These make Zhygylgan a key location for paleontological research.

Why is Zhygylgan called the “Fallen Earth”?

The name Zhygylgan comes from the Kazakh word meaning “fallen land.” And the name fits: this is where the edge of the Ustyurt Plateau literally collapsed into the Caspian Sea. The geological landslide occurred approximately 10–15 thousand years ago, when tectonic instability and sea level fluctuations caused a massive limestone slab to slide toward the coastline. The result was a dramatic fault — up to 100 meters deep and stretching for kilometers.

Until the early 21st century, the area remained largely unexplored, despite its striking geomorphological features. Active research expeditions only began in recent decades. In 2021, a multidisciplinary scientific team surveyed the Zhygylgan Cliff. It included geologists, zoologists, archaeologists, and representatives of the tourism sector. The team collected geological samples, documented prehistoric tracks, and developed route maps and conservation guidelines.
A curious fact from our guide:

Back in the days of Tsarist Russia, fishermen and fugitives used to live in these cracks. All sorts of runaways… And even now, if you know where to look, you can find secret passages, hidden stash spots, even little carved-out rooms among the many caves

What draws scientists to Zhygylgan?

The most important scientific discovery here is the fossilized footprints of ancient mammals — hipparions, saber-toothed cats, and other animals that lived in this area 10–15 million years ago. These tracks are visible today but extremely fragile — even the slightest touch can damage them.

In addition to paleontological finds, archaeological artifacts from the Hunnic period have also been discovered nearby: fragments of belts, ceramics, and coins from the 2nd–3rd centuries. Today, these items are kept in the museums of Aktau and Almaty.

Zhygylgan is not only a visually striking landscape, but also a site of great scientific and cultural importance. If you look closely, the terrain tells a story spanning millions of years.
Track of a saber-toothed predator on a limestone slab
A wide print with a rounded front and signs of claws — typical of ancient predators from the cat family.
Saber-toothed predator track in soft limestone
A distinct footprint with claws and rounded toes — likely left by a saber-toothed tiger, one of the dominant predators of the era.
Intersecting tracks of a hipparion and a saber-toothed predator
The slab shows two types of prints: the three-toed track of an ancient horse and a predator’s footprint, possibly capturing the moment of a chase.

Why Zhygylgan is a must-visit for tourists, photographers, and bloggers

This place is valued not only for its scale and unusual geology, but also for its atmosphere. There are no people, roads, wires, or visual distractions — just you, the steppe, cliffs, and the sea. It's a space not just to observe, but to slow down, reflect, and remember.

Why people love this place

Zhygylgan looks especially stunning at sunrise and sunset — that’s when the light gently touches the slopes, emphasizing the shapes and depth of the collapse. This is the time to bring out your tripod, ND filters, and combine ground and drone shots. It’s a perfect place for building your portfolio, shooting emotional visuals, or creating personal projects.

And that’s not all: within 30 km of Zhygylgan, there are several lesser-known but meaningful locations that add context to your trip. Most guidebooks ignore them — but they’re what make this journey truly complete.
Heart of Zhygylgan: a natural-shaped lake near the cliff
13 km from Zhygylgan
Roughly two kilometers east of the main viewpoint lies a small lake called Kuzdakary. On satellite images and drone photos, it looks like a perfect heart. In summer, its water turns pink or deep crimson — due to salts and microorganisms.

The lake has no official label on most maps but is widely known online as the “Heart of Zhygylgan” or “Red Lake”. Its shape is visible only from the air — on the ground, it appears ordinary. That’s why drone pilots and photographers love it: the contrast of color, relief, and minimal landscape makes for a striking visual.

On site, the lake is small and modest. The water is not safe for drinking or swimming. It’s not a rest stop — it’s a visual destination.
Sherkala Mountain: a fortress-shaped rock formation
178 km from Zhygylgan
If you head northwest, about 3-4 hours by off-road vehicle will bring you to the base of Mount Sherkala. The name translates to “camel,” but the formation looks more like a natural fortress or a crumbling castle.

Sherkala is especially photogenic at sunset, when side light brings out dramatic textures in the rock. There are walking trails and panoramic viewpoints nearby. A great stop if you're heading to Torysh — or returning from it.
Shakpak-Ata: an underground Mosque in the rock
51 km from Zhygylgan
Roughly 70 minutes northeast lies one of Mangystau’s most unique sacred sites — Shakpak-Ata, an underground mosque carved directly into a limestone cliff.

It is revered by both locals and visitors, yet rarely crowded. The architecture is minimal: arches, small domes, ancient inscriptions on stone. Inside, it's silent and cool — like stepping across time. Photography here should be respectful, as should your behavior. This is a spiritual place.
Valley of Balls (Torysh): Mangystau’s stone spheres
115 km from Zhygylgan
Head north and drive about 2 hours through the steppe, and you’ll reach the Valley of Balls — Torysh. One of Mangystau’s most surreal and photogenic landscapes. The area is scattered with perfectly round stone spheres, still debated by geologists and wrapped in local legends.

The formations lie in clusters and stand alone, spread across low hills and dry ravines, creating a near-alien terrain. This is a favorite place to shoot sunrise, starry skies, and surface textures of the stones. Definitely worth including in your itinerary — especially if you've read our guide Valley of Balls – Mangystau’s Spheres: Routes, Myths, and How to Get There.
If you're heading to Zhygylgan, don’t stop at just one destination. Within a 50-120 km radius, you'll find several stunning locations — each adding context and richness to your journey: an underground mosque, a heart-shaped lake, a rock shaped like a castle. You could see them all in one day with good weather and a steady pace — but giving yourself more time is the wiser choice.
These sites are marked on the map below — to help you plan your route and understand how they connect.

Best time to visit Zhygylgan Cliff

Mangystau has an extremely continental climate: summers are hot and dry, winters are windy and chilly. Choosing the right season is important for comfort and safety.
Recommended Seasons
🌸 Spring (March – May). The most comfortable time. Temperatures range from +12°C to +25°C, and the landscape comes alive. Lighting is soft, and the contrast between the cliffs and the sea makes photos especially striking.

🍂 Autumn (September – November). Stable weather, +15…+22°C. The air is dry, with fewer tourists. Sunset light paints the rocks in deep ochre and amber tones.
When Not to Go
☀️ Summer (June – August). Daytime highs reach +40…+45°C. The heat is intense, with no shade and high risk of overheating or dehydration. Even short hikes can feel exhausting.

❄️ Winter (December – February). Frequent strong winds, and temperatures can drop below zero. The ground near the cliff becomes slippery, and access may be difficult or dangerous.
If you're planning a trip to Zhygylgan, aim for spring or autumn. These seasons offer the most comfort — and the most photogenic landscape.

How to get to Zhygylgan

Zhygylgan Cliff is located about 150 km north of Aktau, in the direction of the Caspian coastline. It’s a remote location with no paved roads leading to it — accessible only by 4WD.

Основные маршруты и особенности пути

Route
Distance
Travel Time
Road Conditions
Aktau (city) → Zhygylgan
~150 km
3–3.5 hours
Asphalt to Taushyk (~110 km), then unpaved steppe and rocky track
Shetpe (town) → Zhygylgan
~90 km
2.5 hours
Gravel and dirt road — 4WD only

What’s the best transport option?

4WD vehicle — the best choice
The steppe terrain requires high clearance and confident driving.
Regular passenger cars are not recommended.
Guided tour
A convenient option if you don’t want to handle logistics yourself.
Tour operators provide transport, food, and a guide.
Car with a driver from Aktau
This is more like a private transfer or custom tour — you ride as a passenger without worrying about the route, tires, or tow ropes. This format is comfortable and safe: the driver knows the area, can navigate the steppe, and will help if anything goes wrong.
Travel tips:

  1. Download offline maps in advance. There’s no stable signal in the steppe.
  2. Bring water (at least 2 liters per person), food, and a first-aid kit.
  3. Don’t leave after 2:00 PM — you might get lost. The turnoff to the dirt road is hard to spot in the dark, and GPS often fails here.
  4. In rainy weather, the route may become impassable due to muddy clay.
The road to Zhygylgan is already part of the adventure. It’s not just a spot on the map — it’s a remote and striking place that demands proper preparation.

Hiking routes and guided tours at Zhygylgan

There are several ways to reach Zhygylgan — as part of a group tour, with a private guide, or independently by off-road vehicle. This section outlines current route options and gives tips to help you choose the best way to explore.
Organized Tours
Zhygylgan is part of many Mangystau travel programs offered by local tour operators. It’s usually included in multi-day 4x4 expeditions covering the region’s main natural landmarks.
These tours are a great option for those who want to learn more about the area, avoid route risks, and save energy — while the operator handles logistics and planning.
Independent Routes
If you're traveling on your own, plan your route well in advance and consider the area's remote nature. Zhygylgan is far from any settlements, so reliable transportation (preferably a 4WD vehicle) and plenty of water and food are essential.
If you have an off-road vehicle and some experience, you can explore on your own. But if your goal is to understand the land deeply — not just to reach a location — then a guided tour is your best option. Don’t forget to factor in the season, lighting, and weather conditions when planning your trip.

Wildlife and vegetation around the cliff

At first glance, it may seem like there's no life here — just rocks, dry ground, and wind.
But if you sit down by the slope, stay quiet, and simply observe, Zhygylgan begins to reveal itself. The local flora and fauna are modest but incredibly resilient — life that clings to every crack and survives where everything seems against it.

🦊 Wildlife That’s Hard to Spot — But Worth the Patience

Most animals around Zhygylgan are elusive. During the day, you’re unlikely to see them — they’re crepuscular or nocturnal. Their trails run between rocks, and their tracks are often left on the dusty slopes of the collapsed land.
  • Corsac Fox – Steppe Fox

    This small fox moves quietly and cautiously. You won’t see it in daylight — it hunts at dusk. You might spot it near the cliff edge, freezing in place to observe. Corsacs vanish quickly if they catch human scent.
  • Jerboas and Gerbils

    These tiny rodents build networks of tunnels among rocky fragments. They’re rarely seen but often heard at night — rustling, darting, soft chirping. For predators, they’re the main source of food.
  • Steppe Eagle and Golden Eagle

    Sometimes seen circling above the cliff, scanning for prey. If lucky, you may spot one landing silently on a rock — massive, still, like part of the landscape.
  • Caspian Seal

    The only marine mammal in Kazakhstan. Sometimes swims close to Mangystau’s shore bays. Rare to encounter, but early risers might spot silhouettes in the water. Very shy — never approaches humans.
  • Mouflon

    A wild mountain sheep with powerful horns. Very reclusive, inhabiting remote plateau zones. Blends into rocky terrain. You might spot its tracks on a dusty trail or among the cliffs.
  • Dhole – The Elusive Red Wolf

    A rare predator listed in the Red Book. Hard to see — hides in cracks during the day, comes out only to hunt. Recognizable by reddish coat and light-footed walk.
  • Whooper Swan

    Migrating flocks sometimes rest at the salt lakes below the plateau. Their calls carry from afar, and their white silhouettes stand out at sunset — best seen through binoculars.
  • Flamingos

    Bright pink visitors — rare but unforgettable in Mangystau. Often seen in spring near salt flats. Especially striking in groups — like moving blotches of color against scorched earth.
  • Pelican

    A large aquatic bird with a massive beak. Sometimes seen around dried-out lakes. Flies low and slow, often gliding like a raptor — an impressive sight.
Here, it’s best to move slowly and observe. Don’t make noise or approach animals. Don’t leave the trail. Many signs — tracks, movement, even life itself — reveal themselves only to those who don’t disturb.

🌿 Plants that Survive on the Edge of the Plateau

The flora of Zhygylgan may not be diverse, but it’s remarkably resilient. These are plants that survive without rainfall, in salty, nutrient-poor soils, enduring temperature swings from +45°C during the day to +10°C at night.
  • Artemisia (Polyn’)

    Its smell carries for meters — bitter and earthy. Artemisia protects itself with essential oils and thrives where the soil is practically sterile. In spring, its silvery-green leaves are often the first color in the landscape.
  • Stipa (Kovyly)

    Appears only for a few weeks in May, but during that time the steppe around the cliff feels alive. The feather grass sways softly in the wind, bringing a rare sense of movement to the otherwise still scenery.
  • Salsola (Solyanka)

    This thorny shrub thrives in salty soils. It stores salt in its tissues and becomes nearly the only green spot in summer, when everything else is scorched.
In spring, all of Zhygylgan transforms: the slopes are blanketed in a thin layer of green, and the scent of flowering steppe fills the air. It’s brief — but during these few weeks, the harsh land shows its gentler side.

Where to stay near Zhygylgan

Zhygylgan Cliff is located in a remote part of the Ustyurt Plateau, far from settlements and tourist infrastructure. If you’re planning a trip here, it’s important to think ahead about where you’ll spend the night. There aren’t many options — but each suits a different travel format.
Camping at the base of Zhygylgan
The best camping spot is down below, at the foot of the landslide slope. It’s more sheltered, less windy, and gives easy access to the shore. Avoid pitching your tent near the edge — it’s too narrow and exposed. You can descend via several routes: the closest ones are steep, while the northern ones are more gradual but require a high-clearance 4x4.
Guesthouses in the village of Taushyk
The nearest settlement is Taushyk (about 35 km from the cliff). A few basic guesthouses here accept travelers with prior arrangement. Expect simple accommodation: beds, hot meals, showers, and electricity.
Hotels in Aktau
If you’re visiting Zhygylgan as a day trip, staying in Aktau is the most practical option. The city offers a wide range of hotels for all budgets, car rentals, and grocery stores. Just note: you’ll need to leave early in the morning and return late in the evening.

Rules of conduct and environmental guidelines

The Ustyurt Plateau and Zhygylgan Cliff are not equipped tourist areas. There are no signs, bins, or rangers. That means it’s up to the visitors to protect the site and preserve its condition.
🚫 Strictly prohibited
  • Leaving trash — even biodegradable. Everything you bring in, you take out.
  • Making open fires on the ground — the area is highly flammable.
  • Driving off existing tracks — tire marks can scar the land for decades.
  • Approaching the cliff edge in strong winds or after rain — the ground may collapse.
✅ What you should do
  • Set up tents only in existing campsites — minimize your impact.
  • Avoid using chemical products, even biodegradable ones, or skip them entirely.
  • Do not disturb wildlife — especially nesting birds.
  • Let someone local or your guide know your planned route.
The harsh climate and lack of infrastructure make this place especially vulnerable. No one protects it — except those who visit. That’s why every rule followed here truly matters.

Additional travel tips for visitors

Visiting Zhygylgan requires smart preparation. This is a remote area with no shops, cell service, or shelter from bad weather. Depending on your trip format — guided tour or solo travel — your packing list will differ.
Below we’ve gathered practical information to help you plan your route, estimate how much time you'll need, and pack everything necessary to ensure a smooth, stress-free experience.

What to bring — essential checklist

If you're joining a guided tour, some gear is usually provided: transport, water, food, and a first-aid kit may be included. Be sure to ask your operator what’s covered — especially clothes, flashlight, spare batteries, or personal medication.

If you're planning a self-guided trip, the list below is the bare minimum. There are no shops or mobile service on site, and no way to buy extra supplies. Full autonomy is not a metaphor — it’s a requirement.
What to bring
Why it matters
📍 GPS / offline map / compass
Google or Waze won’t help. Only offline navigation works here.
💧 3+ liters of water per person
No water sources. Dry climate = fast dehydration.
👒 Sun hat and SPF 50+ sunscreen
Open steppe = sunburn in 30 minutes without protection.
👟 Hiking shoes
Rocky soil and slopes — no flip-flops.
🍱 Day’s worth of food + snacks
Go for high-calorie, non-perishable options.
🧥 Windbreaker and warm layer
Strong wind is common; it gets cold in the evening, even in summer.
🔦 Sleeping pad + flashlight / headlamp
Without light, you’ll struggle to navigate after dark.
🩹 Personal first-aid kit
Bandages, antiseptic, basic meds, insect repellent.

For creators and photographers

Photo gear
Comment
📷 Tripod
The wind is constant. Handheld shots often come out blurry.
🌌 Fast lens
Especially useful for night shots and astrophotography.
🧥 Wind- and dustproof clothing
Particularly important during weather changes or dust storm seasons.
🧽 Brush and wipes for lens cleaning
Dust gets everywhere in the wind — especially on the lens.
⏱ Best shooting time
Early morning and sunset — soft side light and expressive terrain.
Zhygylgan is a favorite among travel bloggers, couples seeking dramatic backdrops, and visual creators working on landscape or portrait series. The terrain is open, the shapes are bold, and the visuals are both moody and unforgettable.

What you should know before visiting: time, risks & emergencies

Zhygylgan is a remote and rugged destination. This section will help you understand how much time to plan for the trip, how to handle unexpected situations, and what to prepare in advance to avoid unnecessary stress.
If you're joining a guided tour:
The schedule is usually planned in advance: departure in the morning, stops along the way, return by evening. Ask your tour provider if the itinerary includes additional locations like Shakpak-Ata, Sherkala, or the Valley of Balls.

If you're going independently:
  • Minimum: 6–8 hours (including the road, stops, and photos).
  • Optimal: A full daylight window, especially if you want to explore nearby spots.
  • Overnight: Only if you’re fully autonomous — bring a tent, water, food, warm clothes, knowledge of the area, and check the weather.
💡 Pro tip: Even for a day trip, take more water than you think you’ll need.
We’re not here to scare you off — quite the opposite.
This guide was created to inspire your journey to Zhygylgan and help you prepare for it properly. It’s a wild, strange, quiet place — invisible from afar, unforgettable once you're there.

If you’re planning to visit Zhygylgan, you can join us — the experienced team at Photosafari Travel. We know Mangystau not from maps, but from years of walking its paths. We’ll take care of your comfort and safety and show you the true Kazakh steppe — at your pace, with deep respect for the land and its stories.
Zhygylgan is only one stop in a region full of wonders. Our expeditions also take you to:
  • Kapamsay — a hidden canyon where springs flow between the rocks and shade appears in the middle of the scorched steppe.
  • Torysh — a valley of spherical stones, all frozen in motion, each one different.
  • Airakty — wind-carved rock castles straight from a dream.
  • Tuzbair — white salt flats and cliffs where the land mirrors the sky.
  • Bozzhyra and Kyzylkup “Tiramisu” — fangs, ridges, layered formations like nowhere else on Earth.
We don’t do “panoramic bus tours.” We build real expeditions. If that speaks to you — pick your route and let’s go. We’ll handle the rest.
Choose the journey that fits your spirit, and discover one of Kazakhstan’s most extraordinary landscapes.
We’ll help you explore it with care, curiosity, and respect for its natural beauty.
Photo Gallery: Zhygylgan Cliff
A visual journey through the raw landscapes of Zhygylgan — where the Ustyurt Plateau breaks into a dramatic cliff, the earth cracks open, ancient limestone slabs scatter across the ground, and the Caspian Sea stretches out on the horizon. This is one of those places where the landscape speaks through silence and scale.
Test yourself

Are You Ready for a Trip to Zhygylgan Cliff?

This quiz isn’t about right or wrong — just 7 quick questions to help you look at the Valley of Balls from a new perspective and understand what really matters before the trip.
Did you like the article?

Articles and interesting facts

For Clients

Tours

© 2014–2025 "Photosafari-travel" All rights reserved
Copying website materials is allowed only with an active link to photosafari-travel.kz.
By using this website, you agree to the Terms of Use and the use of cookies.